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Opposing Forces on the Terrain:
Opposites in the Physical
Environment
Hot and cold, wet and dry, high and low are talked
about in Oksapmin when the crops are concerned. Their relation is changeable,
dramatic, and terrifying. How long the rainy season will last, how long
the dry time will stay, is never known in advance. How intense the rain
will be, how merciless the sun, is never known. How many cold days will
come one after another is not known, though a person's life may depend
on the answer. One rainmaker, for example, said messengers have come to
him from one parish or another bearing the knotted grass as a sign, and
have begged him fervently: "Please, it has been dry so long. The ground
is cracking. The sweet potato and taro are dying. We don't have enough
food. Please, make the rain come."
As a tropical montane area, Oksapmin is a place
where the heat of the tropics and the cold of the mountains mingle.
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We Are in the Central Range Montane Rain Forest |
Selection 4
The house is a stable microcosm with respect
to temperature and general dryness. It maintains a fairly steady temperature
while the outside has cold nights, cloudy or hot days, wet afternoons.
It keeps one dry during the long, cold days of rain. |
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Sweet Potato and Taro: a Drama of Change and Continuity
Sweet potato and taro, together, fill out
the yearly food supply. Taro is sensitive to wet and dry, so taro gardens
are planted both on the mountainsides, where they will flourish only if
there is much rainfall, and near rivers where they will flourish if the
weather is dry. The Oksapmin farmer transplants young taro from mountain
to river, or river to mountain, depending on the rainfall to keep the supply
of food as continuous as possible.
Sweet potato is resistant to dry weather and
will keep during the dry season. It will not rot even if there is too much
rain, and so it is a durable crop.
There is, then, in Oksapmin a drama of sweet
potato and taro. It is a drama in which, accompanied by the feeling of
suspense, sweet potato and taro become abundant and scarce, take each other's
place and are kept apart.
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There is a feeling in Oksapmin that sweet potato
and taro are opposites. Sweet potato is associated with ordinariness and
dryness; while taro is associated with water, and the sacred or unusual.
For instance, taro is the food eaten not only
every day or ordinarily, but in rituals and when consuming the flesh of
men. Sweet potato is only for ordinary eating, and is also fed to pigs;
taro is not. |
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Animal Sources of Food Represent
Wild and Domestic, Large and Small
Animal food is obtained by hunting,
gathering, and the raising of domestic pigs--Sus papuiensis. The
pigs belonging to a person, in the main belong to him by virtue of his
having fed the pigs sweet potato taken daily from the gardens belonging
to him and in which he worked. Tree marsupials are taken by men in the
mountain forest. Although it is taboo for uninitiated young men to hunt
this kind of game, they do so, and they eat the meat secretly. Insects
are taboo to men but certain kinds eaten by children while others are reserved
for the women. Small mammals are caught in the grassy areas by girls, small
boys, and aged men. It is done mainly by sitting beside the animal's runway
at a strategic point, and waiting for it to run into one's hand. |
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Supplication and Demand
Contrary Emotions in
the Self Are Made One in a Planting Ritual
The first sweet potato is planted
with magic--the following words are said:
Simukwe mookmook
Chimukwe mookmook
Ababkwe mookmook
Gutkut Gutkut
Mookmook Mookmook
Mookmook Mookmook
Mookmook
Part way through this incantation,
the soil is loosened with thrusts of the digging stick, and the last word mookmook, meaning abundance, is whispered intensely, repeatedly,
while the digging stick is thrust repeatedly into the soil. This incantation
was tape recorded by me, and one can hear in the tone of Iaulit's voice--the
owner of the garden--whispering, and one can see in the simultaneous thrusting
of the digging stick, supplication and demand at once. [Note: This incantation was recorded on tape.]
Iaulit of Oksapmin conducting garden magic as to initiate the planting
of sweet potato vines. The garden plot (toghwan-langa) belongs to him.
This plot is namedYuwan-tongnot ("Yuwan stayed here").
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| Aesthetic Realism, the philosophy founded by Eli Siegel in 1941, is taught in classes, public seminars & presentations, and consultations at the Aesthetic Realism Foundation in New York City. Nationwide outreach includes speakers from the Aesthetic Realism Foundation, consultations by telephone outside New York City and internationally, and the work of the Aesthetic Realism Theatre Company. The Class Chairman, Ellen Reiss, teaches the classes for Aesthetic Realism associates and consultants in which I study. I am proud to say that as a consultant on the Foundation's faculty I teach anthropology, teachers' workshops, and am an instructor in consultations for individuals who want to learn the aesthetic way of seeing the world and themselves. More links are provided below so you can find out more. |
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